The Abolishment of Capital Punishment Essays - 1932 Words

The Abolishment of Capital Punishment Capital punishment has been part of the criminal justice system since the earliest of times. But opponents have argued that the death penalty is racist, economically unjustified, and in violation of the United States Constitution as ...cruel and unusual punishment (â€Å"Chronology†). However, today much of the debate over capital punishment is about whether it is morally right to sentence a person who has committed a serious crime to death. This paper will address the moral issues in the controversy over whether capital punishment should be abolished. The death penalty has been part of most of the world’s justice system since the beginning of civilization. The Hammed code stated, an eye for and†¦show more content†¦The laws were stricter in the past; a person could be executed for things such as stealing or being accused of being a witch. The ancient Hebrews inflicted death on any person found guilty of denying the true God or cursing their parents (â€Å"Background†). For centuries, England punished by death those found guilty of pickpocketing and petty theft (â€Å"Background†). In 1845, the founding of the American Society for the Abolition of Capital Punishment gave movement to a nationwide anti-death-penalty campaign (â€Å"Background†). But this abolition movement did not reach peak strength until the end of the century. Between 1897 and 1917, 10 states repealed death penalty statutes, influenced in part by the reformist sentiments of the progressives (â€Å"Background†). During this period, executions occurred far more frequently than they do today (â€Å"Background†). Capital punishment has been a continued controversy in the public opinion forum, in state legislatures, and most recently in the courts. In 1972, the case of Furman vs. Georgia involving capital punishment reached the US Supreme Court. The Court decided that capital punishment would violated the Eighth Amendments provision forbidding cruel and unusual punishment† (â€Å"Chronology†). By this decision, death sentences all over the country were set asid e. But, four years later, the Supreme Court held in Gregg v. Georgia that under the states’ new two-stage trial system,Show MoreRelated Argument for The Abolishment of Capital Punishment GCSE1179 Words   |  5 Pageslife be worth more than another?s? Would you like to have your dignity, and even your basic human rights to stripped away from you at the flick of a switch or the pull of a trigger? What is the point in Capital punishment when it doesnt even deter crime? A study into the effect of Capital Punishment said, the presence of the death penalty in law and practice has no discernible effect as a deterrent to murder. How does this serve as a deterrent to crime? It offers the convict an easy way out withRead MoreNo More Excuses For Death Penalty Abolishment. Please Assume1532 Words   |  7 PagesNo More Excuses for Death Penalty Abolishment Please assume that your child beat someone because of his angry. Would you punch him to avoid his violent behaviors next time? Although most of the people tend to answer â€Å"No,† the answer unbelievably becomes â€Å"Yes† when the topic changes to capital punishment. Over decades, advocates of death penalty persist that the â€Å"an eye for an eye† rule is justice and have misperception it effectively deters crimes. However, according to the statistic and logicalRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Legal?985 Words   |  4 PagesShould the Death Penalty be Legal? The death penalty, also called capital punishment, has been a topic of debate among the public for many years, gaining very little ground in changing the legality of it one way or the other. The topic is very controversial because many people feel that it is wrong to take the life of another person. On the other hand a very comparable number of people push for the legality of capital punishment for condemning convicted criminals that have committed a crime of aRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesIn our contemporary criminal justice system, capital punishment has been one of the most debated topic. Capital punishment is also known as the death penalty. It is a punishment by death of a person by the government, as a result of committing a vicious crime. The nature of the punishment raises a plethora of human-right case; therefore, it has led to its abolishment in many countries. In several countries, the ending of capital punishment against juveniles has been accomplished through enforcementRead MorePersuasive Essay On Capital Punishment1723 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment is a form of execution sanctioned by the government as a form of punishment to the capital law offenders by the death penalty. The kind of criminal offenses that punishment is through death is the capital offenses to which include treason, genocide, espionage, murder, war crimes and crimes against humanity. This kind of sentence majorly aims at the major heinous crimes. This type of the penalty is majorly carried out through various means depending on the country in question.Read MoreEssay on Preserve or Outlaw?1731 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment has been one of the most controversial issues in American history. Its complex history demonstrates how controversial the subject is. Capital punishment is the verdict of execution as a punishment for a person or persons convicted of committing a crime. In 1972, the Supreme Court determin ed that capital punishment violated the 8th Amendment of the United States Constitution’s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. However, this ruling did not last for long. In 1976, the courtRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished1135 Words   |  5 Pagessupposed to protect their rights no matter what. Capital punishment should be abolished from the United States. The number one goal of the constitution is to protect the life of an individual and the death penalty passes by this. The death penalty is an easy way out of the crime, it is expensive, philosophers and even psychologists disagree with capital punishment and most important it is the denial of the rights of an individual. Capital punishment is an easy way out because a criminal gets killedRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States964 Words   |  4 Pagestoday, 84 countries in the world retain capital punishment (The Grinnell Literary Societies, 78). However, the number of nations using death penalty is decreasing. With the recent pressure from different human rights watch groups and religious groups more so from the Roman Catholic Church, the world remains optimistic that the practice will be done away with once and for all in all nations (Cole, 42). Discussion This paper will tend to look at capital punishment in the US with a look down memory laneRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesApproaching the topic of capital punishment is difficult when looking at society as a whole. In the opinion stated by my class group, capital punishment should be entirely abolished due to the possibility of mistakes while sentencing. This idea relies on the basis that capital punishment has absolutely no purpose or benefit. Members of my group mistakenly used a utilitarianist point of view to argue their case, even though this view can be stretched to fit almost any argument. This paper will exploreRead MoreWorking Class Forged Through Violence. W.E.B. Du Bois Challenges1598 Words   |  7 PagesBois challenges and modernizes Karl Marx view of Marxism in Black Reconstruction. Unlike Marx, he concludes that capitalism is imbedded in slavery and stresses that capital will use prison labor. In Capital, Vol. I, Marx neg lects the role of violence in creating the working class. Du Bois emphasizes the use of violence used by capital to create a working class. Bloodshed is what allowed slaved to enter the working class. During the Civil War, slaves joined the Northern troops to changed the narrative

We Must Stop The Hunger Of Homelessness - 1303 Words

Envision feeling lost and not recognizing what to do or where to go. You spend every night in all kinds of weather on a bench, which you call your bed. As you wake up to the jabbering clamors every morning you choose which open spot will permit you to clean yourself up. Upon getting hungry, you ask individuals for change to eat a modest supper or you seek the closest dumpsters. For the remainder of the day, you sit in the city, trusting and believing people will acknowledge you and want to assist. Realizing that you are not judged by who you are but rather what you will be, you understand that the vast majority in the world doesn’t comprehend homelessness, and curious as to if the conditions in homelessness will ever change. All through the world, it is difficult to number the accurate measure of destitute, however it is known to be millions. Consistently in urban areas and towns across nations, men, women, and children clothed in rags roam the streets, regularly conversing wi th visions and asking or hustling for money. Most are conveying plastic bags, garnering aluminum cans, or hauling shopping buggies loaded with personal possessions. Here and there, they curl up on a bench or in a doorway under very dirty blankets and worn-out coats. If someone issues them money, they may react with prayers of gratitude and grace, or gaze vacantly at nothing in particular feeling untouched by endeavors to offer assistance. These individuals are called homeless, in spite the fact thatShow MoreRelatedHomelessness in the United States Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the National Student Campaign Against Hunger and Homelessness, â€Å"approximately 3.5 million people are homeless each year, while 36.3 million live in households without enough food.† This statistic only reflects the United States, and to many people, it just doesn’t make sense. For instance Alfredzine Black of the YWCA in Marion, Indiana says, â€Å"I don’t understand wh y we have so much poverty in the richest country in the world!† Citizens of the United States have a hard time defining andRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Family And Family Homelessness1270 Words   |  6 PagesFamily and child homelessness has been a major social problem within the United states since the 1980s (Bassuk). According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, it is a problem that affected 79,446 family households in January 2010, and over 1.5 million children between the years of 2005 and 2006. Family and child homelessness is a genuine issue that although has increased to 37% of the overall homeless, and is said to have reached an â€Å"historic high† (Bassuk), it has not been discussedRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Hunger And Homelessness945 Words   |  4 PagesIn society, the whole(being society) takes responsibility for all its members. Hunger and Homelessness. The United States can be argued as having an unhealthy society wit h the factors of hunger and homelessness being present. If only some people of a society belong to a community, it falls short of a community status. Following this idea of a community status, every individual has a responsibility to act in a way that beneficial to society and not solely themselves. With chasing the idea of communityRead MoreIs Cleaning A Beach A Good Thing? Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesspecial skills, is it possible to carry out goodness? Even though there is no real reason for good to be so hard to define because it is about doing what you can, it becomes hard because of carelessness. For example, while on our way to work or school we are bound to find a homeless on the street asking for change. Is it really hard to give that person change for breakfast or something to drink? If someone is so scared that their money will be used for drugs instead of food, why not buy the drink insteadRead MoreHass Muslims Against Hunger1334 Words   |  6 PagesZamir Hassan: Muslims Against Hunger A software engineer combats America s hunger crisis â€Å"My goal is to engage Muslims in their communities. I want to change their mindset. They have to live their religion not only practicing it,† confirmed Zamir Hassan, the founder of Muslims Against Hunger in a hotel room in Washington D.C. via Skype video. Hassan is a retired software engineer who grew up in Pakistan and moved to the United States in 1973. He studied at Cornell University, lived in New York,Read MoreEffects of Poverty, Hunger and Homelessness on Children and Youth2370 Words   |  10 PagesAssigned Materials: â€Å"Effects of Poverty, Hunger and Homelessness on Children and Youth†, â€Å"How Do You Define Poverty, Part 1 and Part 2†, and access information on the number of families living in poverty in your county. Summary of Materials: The article, â€Å"Effects of Poverty, Hunger, and Homelessness on Children and Youth†, provides vast amounts of information and the far reaching effects on lives of the individuals living in those circumstances (â€Å"American Psychology†, n.d.). This problem is notRead More Ireland Starves and Lives to Tell: The Effects of the Great Potato Famine1584 Words   |  7 PagesIreland Starves and Lives to Tell: The Effects of the Great Potato Famine â€Å"It must be understood that we cannot feed the people† (Kinealy Calamity 75). The mid 1800s in Ireland were characterized by extreme poverty, death, and emigration. The Great Potato Famine, also known as â€Å"The Great Hunger,† first hit in 1845; however, its effects lasted into the 1850s and can still be seen today. Prior to the famine, Irish manufacture and trade was controlled and suppressed by British governmentRead MoreWho Stole The American Dream?756 Words   |  4 Pages but the work must not stop there. I would propose that it is equally vital to actively work toward increased awareness and advocate against capitalism. The Occupy Movement is a good, recent example, in that it defined the â€Å"99% vs. 1%† as diametrically opposed forces, and brought back the language of class consciousness and conflict into the lexicon of the majority of the nation, at least in a small way. As we once moved away from a feudal economic system in the p ast, I believe we can move past ourRead MoreGenetically Modified Food Production Definition Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagescreated †¢ Humans infections dieses risk will increased †¢ Creates dangerous side effects †¢ Harms the environment †¢ Its unhealthy Genetically modified foods should be labeled, since December 2002 the Australia law has been required that foods labels must show. Labelling genetically foods allows the consumers to make an informal choice about the products they buy. The first time genetically modified plant was produced in 1983, by using antibiotic- resistant tobacco. Antibiotic- resistant tobaccoRead MoreChild Welfare Is A Program That Helps Improve The Lives Of Disadvantaged Children845 Words   |  4 PagesSome children in today’s society deal with homelessness, food shortage and abuse on a daily basis. Families lose their jobs, are dependent on drugs or are unaware of the proper parenting skills in the United States. In these types of examples, the children are put at risk of not having a stable home and even take the chance of being malnutrition amongst other health issues. Child welfare is a program that helps improve the lives of disadvantaged children (Dictionary.com website, 2016, para. 1). Often

Analysis on Australian Car Industry Shut down and Its Foreign Exchange

Question: Why Toyota / Holden and Ford quits their car production plants and operations in Australia? Answer: One of the beginnings of economic downfall aspect has recently been happened in Australia, when its automobile industry and car components industry were announced to be shut down. The news regarding this shutdown plan was recently been communicated from three of Australian gigantic and powerful Car manufacturing Companies of the world. The news was taken very unfavorably by Australian general public and regulatory bodies as well. These Companies were none other than Toyota, Holden and Ford. And the news announcement was such that these companies were about to close their car manufacturing operations plants from the whole region of Australia. Moreover, in 2013, Ford and Holden have already announced their respective car production concealment plan in Australia from October 2016 and 2017 onwards respectively, and the latest news arrival came from the last remaining car manufacture in the boundaries of Australia, i.e. Toyota, with their announcement to shut down its car production plant from 2017 onwards (Taylor, Chan and Jabour, 2014). In essence, on overall basis after the announcement of these decision by respective companies, an Australian economy would have to face more than 30,000 of its human resources as getting unemployed (NewsComAu, 2014). Each of the above companies reported the same major and adverse reasons and aspects behind their car production closure in Australia and that mainly includes the existence of certain intense competitive forces in the car manufacturing market that are beyond the control of such companies productive and human resources in particular and a very strong and overvalued Australian currency of dollar, which had impacted the industry rather adversely in couple of past years, causing the final price of these cars behind the affordability of a reasonable common man (Couriermail.com.au, 2014). In addition, the unfavorable forecasts of companies marketing experts, regarding the future room of reduction in the overall scale of car or vehicle production in Australia, have compelled these companies to arrive at such a painful conclusion. How FX affected the investment decisions before appreciation of AUD Australian economy have remained an eye catching one for wide range of diversified peoples, especially, trader, businessmen and investor, residing in different locations of the world. Before the ultimate appreciation and rise in Australian currency in the world F market, many investor, FX traders and others, always considered and linked certain geological, geographical and governmental policy and regulation factors as favorable and beneficial for the future growth of Australian dollar in particular (Investing.com, 2014). As, Australian geological factors have given itself a wide range of wealth in high demanding natural resources like, oil, gold, agricultural products and other valuable resources, and geographical positioned of Australia have opened a huge trading opportunities for many Asian economies, which are at their far behind level in reaching the market saturation level for various natural resources being found in Australian regions (Stephen D. Simpson, 2011). Moreover, before the appreciation of FX value of AUD, many car manufacturing companies, e.g. Toyota, Ford and etc were also relentlessly and positively entering into Australian automobile industry, with the ultimate goal of earning an increasing rate of return on reasonable strengthen Australian currency. As a result couple of big names in car manufacturing companies as mentioned above, favorably pushes their capital investment with the sole purpose of establishment of various automobile manufacturing and car components plant into the several region of Australia to reap the benefits from the economical framework of Australian economy. Finally, relaxed and stable governmental policies in Australia regarding the interest rates, governmental and economy stability and lack of intervention policies of state in FX and currency market, have also opened many investment channels in Australian dollars from all around the world as well. Therefore, with the availability of all these glaring factors in the economy and geographical scenario of Australian region, they have substantially affected the investment decisions of many individuals, investors, traders and businessmen from all over the globe in taking the Australian Dollar at the level at what it is today. References or Bibliographies Taylor, L., Chan, G. and Jabour, B. (2014).Toyota to cease manufacturing cars in Australia. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/10/toyota-cease-manufacturing-cars-australia [Accessed 25 May. 2014]. NewsComAu, (2014).Thousands of office workers to lose jobs at Toyota, Holden, Ford. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/thousands-of-office-workers-to-lose-jobs-at-toyota-holden-ford/story-e6frfm1i-1226835343394 [Accessed 25 May. 2014]. Couriermail.com.au, (2014).No Cookies | The Courier-Mail. [online] Available at: https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/why-australias-car-manufacturers-toyota-holden-and-ford-all-conked-out/story-fnk1378p-1226827493012 [Accessed 25 May. 2014]. Investing.com, (2014).FX - Australian dollar stronger ahead of cash rate decision. [online] Available at: https://www.investing.com/news/FX-news/FX---australian-dollar-stronger-ahead-of-cash-rate-decision-274912 [Accessed 25 May. 2014]. Stephen D. Simpson, C. (2011).The Australian Dollar: What Every FX Trader Needs To Know. [online] Investopedia. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/FX/11/aud-fx-traders-should-know.asp [Accessed 25 May. 2014].

Introduction to Flood Routing Essay Example

Introduction to Flood Routing Paper The Muskingum flow routing method has been very well researched and established in the hydrological literature. Its modest data requirements make it attractive for practical use. The paper gives a general overview of the Flood routing concept and types, and then goes on to explain the Muskingum method in detail. Introduction to Flood Routing Flood routing is a technique which is used to determine the flow hydrograph characteristics like shape and movement along a water course, and how these are affected by various factors like system storage and system dynamics on the shape and movement of flow hydrographs along a watercourse. In other words Flood routing can be described as a process of calculating outflow rates, reservoir stage and storage volume from a stream channel once inflows and channel characteristics are known. The process of flood routing is used for the hydrologic analysis in flood forecasting, flood protection, reservoir design and spillway design etc. The principle of routing is used here for predicting the temporal and spatial distribution of hydrograph, during the course of its travel through the various sections of a stream (Subramanya 2002). Basic Principles of Routing All hydrologic routing methods use a common continuity equation as their common base. According to this equation, the difference between inflow and outflow rates is equal to the rate of change of storage. Mathematically the equation can be written as below: (Gosh 1997 p. 67) In the above equation, I is the rate of inflow, and at any time the corresponding outflow is O. dS is the storage that is accumulated during a very small duration of time dt. Figure below represents the pictorial relation between storage S and discharge Q: We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Flood Routing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Flood Routing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Flood Routing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer (Flood Routing) The above equation considers the losses due to seepage, evaporation and direct accretion to storage, as small enough to be ignored. The equation can be written in integral form as below: (Watson 1983 p. 490) Flood routing methods aim to solve the above one-dimensional mass continuity equation. Flood routing methods classification There are many flood routing methods available like using St. Venant equations, Level Pool Routing, Goodrich Method, Pul’s Method, Kinematic Routing, Muskingum equation, Muskingum-Cunge routing etc. These methods can be divided into the following two categories: Hydrological routing – These methods mainly use the continuity equation Hydraulic routing – These methods combine the equation of continuity with the equation of motion for unsteady flow. (Subramanya 2002 p. 271) Types of Flood Routing In all the hydrologic analysis applications mentioned above, two categories of routing can be clearly recognised: Reservoir routing – In this type of routing, the effect of a flood wave entering a reservoir is studied. This is done by determining the volume-elevation characteristic of a reservoir in addition to the outflow-elevation characteristic of the spillway and also other outlet structures present in the reservoirs (Chadwick Morfett 1986 p318). The results are used to predict the variation of reservoir elevation and outflow discharge with respect to time. This type of routing is necessary for: Designing the capacity of the spillway and other outlet structures Determining the correct location and size of capacity of the reservoir pertaining to a particular requirement condition. Channel routing – In this type of routing, a study is made of the change in shape of a hydrograph as it travels down a channel. This done by considering a channel reach i. e. the specific length of the stream channel, and an input hydrograph at the upstream end of the stream. The results are used to predict the flood hydrograph at various sections of the reach (Chadwick Morfett 1986 p. 322). The output data obtained using this method is, the information on the flood-peak attenuation and, the total duration of the high-water levels. This type of routing is considered very important for: Flood-forecasting operations Flood-protection related work Hydrologic Channel Routing In case of reservoir routing, the storage is a function of output discharge, whereas in case of channel routing, the storage is a function of both inflow and outflow discharges. This is the main reason why entirely different routing methods are needed for Channel routing. When a river is in flood, the flow can be characterized as gradually varied unsteady flow. In a particular channel reach the water surface as expected is not parallel to the channel both. Additionally it also varies with time. At the time of flood, the total volume in storage can be divided into two categories: Prism storage – This is defined as the volume that would exist in case there is uniform flow at the downstream depth. i. e. Prism storage = Wedge storage – This term represents the wedge-like volume which is formed between the actual water surface profile and the prism storage surface i. e. Wedge storage = In the downstream section of a river reach, the prism storage is observed to be constant, when the depth is fixed. However, the wedge storage changes from positive to negative depending on the type of flood. The wedge storage is positive at the time of advancing flood, while it is negative in case of a receding flood. (Subramanya 2002 p. 282-283) (Flow Routing 2) .Muskingum Method Introduction Flood routing in open channels can be determined using a variety of modeling procedures. These methods follow a wide range of methodologies, which can be categorized as: Simple like Muskingum-type approximations – Which have modest data requirements Complex like Muskingum–Cunge methods – Where the typically calibrated Muskingum routing parameters are related to physical and hydraulic characteristics such as reach length, flood wave celerity, unit width discharge and channel bed slope Highly complicated like the solution of the full dynamic flow i. e. St Venant equations – Which require surveyed cross-sectional channel profiles and flow resistance data Out of these the Muskingum and Muskingum–Cunge methods are well established in the hydrological literature, and the modest data requirements make these procedures attractive even though more rigorous hydraulic models are available for unsteady flow routing.