Acetic acid from methanol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acetic acid from methanol - Essay Example This substance freezes at -97.6oC, boils at 64.6oC as well as having a density of 791Kg/m3 at 20oC. This stream is effective using cobalt iodine as a catalyst. The reaction occurs at around 250oC and at pressure of up to 10,000 psi. However, the Rhodium-catalysis of methanol, carbonylation step is extremely selective and works under mild reaction pressure of about 500 psi. The given approach of syngas manufacture entail steam reforming, carbon dioxide reforming, partial oxidation, coal gasification, as well as autothermal reform. The raw items needed in this stream include steam, methane, and oxygen, while the basic byproduct is carbon dioxide. Crude methanol may be distilled, to get rid of water and by-products generated during methanol synthesis, to output methanol. This is carried out by Motunui in Distillation III and IV that are together at 2000 t/d of production The procedure generated by Lurgi Corporation for synthesis of methanol comprises of reactor working at temperature 250 – 2600C with a pressure of 50 – 60 bar. Heat of reaction is gotten rid by circulating water on shell side which in turn produces high pressure steam necessary for other applications. Steam reforming is taken out at 850 – 8600C. Desulphurized naphta is interacted with steam within this temperature to generate hydrogen and carbon oxides. The syngas generated is compressed to 50 – 80 bar before being consumed into methanol reactor. The second path, heavy residues are put into the furnace together with steam and hydrogen at 1400 – 14500C with working pressure of 55 – 60 bar of which it needs no compression. The slowest step of this cycle is the following migratory incorporation of co to generate Iridium-acyl species, F that entails the removal of ionic iodine and the amalgamation of extra CO ligand. This may propose a complete type of rate law: The

The title to be used when submitting this assignment is Materiality in Essay

The title to be used when submitting this assignment is Materiality in Auditing - Essay Example Therefore, an auditor has to set a materiality level for important and vital aspects of the audit in order to concentrate and focus on the areas that are important and necessary. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) defines materiality as â€Å"the magnitude of an omission or misstatement of an accounting information that, in the light of the surrounding circumstances, makes it probable that the judgement of a reasonable person relying on the information will have been changed or influenced by the omission or misstatement† (Johnstone, et al., 2013 p268) This implies that materiality is about the important issues and matters which when overlooked, will cause the financial statement to be overly misleading. Therefore, in the auditing context, materiality involves a situation whereby the auditor examines and reviews important things in his analysis of the financial statements in order to ensure that the opinion they pass on the financial statement are valid and reliable. Materiality affects sample sizes and determines whether the financial statement needs adjustments or not, and it represents the difference between a qualified and an unqualified report (Bagshaw & Selwood, 2013). This shows how the auditor can estimate the levels of issues that matter and then define the way and manner in which work can be distributed and conducted throughout the entire audit. This therefore means that materiality informs an auditor of which aspects of the financial statement amounts are to be given certain levels of attention. This gives the auditor guidelines on how to evaluate and analyse things and the extent to which focus should be given to certain components of the financial statement. Materiality is to be defined on a case-by-case basis. It involves the integration of professional judgement. It is done by examining the entire financial statement as a whole and this will help the